{"id":4764,"date":"2026-06-16T11:23:44","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T03:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/news_center\/sampling-system-design-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T11:25:40","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T03:25:40","slug":"sampling-system-design-guide","status":"publish","type":"news_center","link":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/noticias_centro\/sampling-system-design-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Sampling System Design Guide for Process Analyzers (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Sampling System Design Guide: How to Build a Reliable Closed-Loop Sampling System for Process Analyzers<\/h2>\n<p>A well-designed <strong>sampling system<\/strong> is the difference between an analyzer that delivers trustworthy data and one that produces false alarms, premature plugging, or \u2014 worse \u2014 sample misrepresentation that leads to bad process decisions. Whether you are sizing a new analyzer shelter, upgrading from a slip-stream to a closed-loop configuration, or troubleshooting a system that keeps failing, this guide walks through the engineering decisions that determine whether your sample arrives at the analyzer fast, clean, and representative.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Sampling System?<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>sampling system<\/strong> is the network of components that extracts a process fluid from a pipe or vessel, conditions it to a state the analyzer can measure, and returns it (in closed-loop systems) or vents it (in slip-stream \/ open-loop). The system typically includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Probe<\/strong> \u2014 retractable or fixed insertion into the process line<\/li>\n<li><strong>Primary filter \/ coarse filter<\/strong> \u2014 removes particulates that would foul downstream components<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pressure regulation<\/strong> \u2014 reduces process pressure to analyzer-friendly levels (typically 5-30 psig)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heat tracing \/ cooling<\/strong> \u2014 maintains sample above dew point or below vaporization temperature for the species of interest<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phase separation<\/strong> \u2014 knock-out pot or membrane to remove liquids from gas samples (or vice versa)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fine filtration<\/strong> \u2014 sub-micron filters to protect analyzer cells<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flow measurement and control<\/strong> \u2014 rotameter or mass flow controller with bypass<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sample return or vent<\/strong> \u2014 back to process at lower pressure (closed-loop) or to safe location (open-loop)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fast-loop \/ bypass loop<\/strong> \u2014 high-flow circulation to reduce transport lag, with analyzer tapping off a side stream<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For most online analyzer applications in oil &amp; gas, petrochemical, and refining, the goal is to deliver the sample to the analyzer within a defined <strong>transport lag time<\/strong> (typically 30 seconds to 5 minutes) at a stable <strong>flow rate<\/strong>, <strong>pressure<\/strong>, and <strong>temperature<\/strong> \u2014 without altering the chemical composition.<\/p>\n<h2>Closed-Loop vs. Open-Loop vs. Slip-Stream<\/h2>\n<p>The three common architectures each have distinct tradeoffs. Choose based on process value, safety, and environmental constraints.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Architecture<\/th>\n<th>Sample Return Path<\/th>\n<th>Pros<\/th>\n<th>Cons<\/th>\n<th>Best For<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Closed-loop (fast-loop)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Returns to process at lower pressure<\/td>\n<td>No emissions, fast response, no product loss<\/td>\n<td>Requires pressure differential, more complex piping<\/td>\n<td>Flammable, toxic, or high-value hydrocarbons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Open-loop (vent)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Vented to safe location or flare<\/td>\n<td>Simple, no pressure differential needed<\/td>\n<td>Emissions, product loss, regulatory burden<\/td>\n<td>Non-flammable, low-pressure utility services<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Slip-stream<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Diverts part of the process flow to the analyzer<\/td>\n<td>Always fresh sample, simple<\/td>\n<td>Pressure drop, requires flow control, possible emissions<\/td>\n<td>Liquid analyzers on low-pressure headers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Practical recommendation:<\/strong> If you are sampling hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, or any other material with safety, environmental, or economic value, default to closed-loop. It is more complex to design, but it pays back the moment a regulator asks about vented emissions or a process engineer wants faster analyzer response.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 1 \u2014 Define the Measurement Objective<\/h2>\n<p>Before specifying components, answer four questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>What is the analyzer measuring?<\/strong> (H\u2082S, O\u2082, moisture, dew point, composition, pH, conductivity \u2014 each drives different conditioning)<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the required accuracy and response time?<\/strong> (ppb-level H\u2082S in natural gas requires more conditioning than percent-level O\u2082 in air)<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the phase of the sample at the sample point?<\/strong> (Single-phase gas, single-phase liquid, or two-phase that requires conditioning)<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the upset condition?<\/strong> (Slugging, hydrate formation, particulate storms \u2014 define the worst case the system must survive)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>These answers drive every subsequent decision: filter micron rating, regulator type, heat-tracing requirement, and whether you need a liquid pump or can rely on process pressure alone.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 2 \u2014 Probe Selection and Sample Point Location<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The probe is where sampling problems begin or end. A good sample point is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Located in a section of pipe with <strong>well-mixed, single-phase flow<\/strong> (avoid dead legs, the bottom of horizontal pipes, or just downstream of tees)<\/li>\n<li>Installed on the <strong>top or side<\/strong> of horizontal pipe for gas service, and on the <strong>side or bottom<\/strong> for liquid service<\/li>\n<li>Oriented so the probe faces <strong>upstream<\/strong> (typically 45\u00b0 angle) so the sample does not carry debris into the probe<\/li>\n<li>Equipped with a <strong>retractable probe assembly<\/strong> with isolation valve if the process cannot be shut down for maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For services with heavy particulates, consider a <strong>filter probe<\/strong> (5-20 micron sintered element) at the sample point. This dramatically extends the life of downstream filters and protects regulators from erosion.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 3 \u2014 Transport Lag and Fast-Loop Sizing<\/h2>\n<p>Transport lag is the time between a process change and the analyzer detecting it. For most process control loops, total lag should be under 60 seconds. For safety interlocks, under 10 seconds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formula:<\/strong> Transport lag (seconds) = (Volume of sample line in cc) \/ (Volumetric flow rate in cc\/sec)<\/p>\n<p>Two ways to reduce lag:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Smaller diameter tubing<\/strong> \u2014 1\/8&#8243; OD (3 mm) instead of 1\/4&#8243; OD (6 mm) cuts volume by 75%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Faster flow rate (fast-loop)<\/strong> \u2014 a 1-2 L\/min fast-loop with a 100-200 cc\/min analyzer side stream typically achieves 10-20 second transport lag over 50-100 meters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Sample Line Length<\/th>\n<th>1\/4&#8243; OD Tubing Lag (1 L\/min)<\/th>\n<th>1\/8&#8243; OD Tubing Lag (1 L\/min)<\/th>\n<th>1\/8&#8243; + Fast-Loop 2 L\/min<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>20 m<\/td>\n<td>22 s<\/td>\n<td>6 s<\/td>\n<td>4 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>50 m<\/td>\n<td>55 s<\/td>\n<td>15 s<\/td>\n<td>8 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>100 m<\/td>\n<td>110 s<\/td>\n<td>30 s<\/td>\n<td>15 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>200 m<\/td>\n<td>220 s<\/td>\n<td>60 s<\/td>\n<td>30 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Rule of thumb:<\/strong> For runs over 50 m, always use a fast-loop. The investment in a small circulation pump and bypass flowmeter pays back in faster analyzer response and better process control.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 4 \u2014 Pressure Regulation and Relief<\/h2>\n<p>Pressure regulation has two jobs: reduce process pressure to analyzer inlet specification, and protect the analyzer from over-pressure during a process upset. Best practice uses a two-stage regulator with a relief valve between stages:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>First-stage regulator<\/strong> \u2014 reduces from process pressure to intermediate (e.g., 50-100 psig)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relief valve<\/strong> \u2014 vents to safe location if first-stage fails open<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second-stage regulator<\/strong> \u2014 reduces to analyzer inlet (typically 15-30 psig for gas chromatographs, 5-10 psig for some IR cells)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Use <strong>metal-to-metal diaphragm<\/strong> regulators for flammable or toxic service \u2014 soft-seated regulators can leak small amounts that are unacceptable for H\u2082S or benzene service.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 5 \u2014 Heat Management and Trace Heating<\/h2>\n<p>Two heat management scenarios are common:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Scenario<\/th>\n<th>Goal<\/th>\n<th>Method<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample at risk of condensation (high-moisture gas, heavy hydrocarbon)<\/td>\n<td>Keep sample above dew point<\/td>\n<td>Electric heat tracing + insulation, typically 50-80\u00b0C for natural gas, 150\u00b0C for hot oil sample<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample at risk of vaporization (light liquid, dissolved gas)<\/td>\n<td>Keep sample below bubble point<\/td>\n<td>Cooling heat exchanger, refrigerated chiller, or ambient-cooled shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For natural gas service with moisture, the standard is <strong>heat-traced and insulated sample lines at 50-80\u00b0C<\/strong>. Without it, hydrate formation can plug the line within hours. For liquid hydrocarbon service with dissolved H\u2082S or O\u2082, maintaining sample temperature above the bubble point prevents outgassing and false analyzer readings.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 6 \u2014 Phase Management and Filtration<\/h2>\n<p>Most analyzer problems are phase or particulate problems. The conditioning train should address both:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coalescing filter<\/strong> (0.5-1 micron) \u2014 for gas services, removes entrained liquids<\/li>\n<li><strong>Particulate filter<\/strong> (5-20 micron) \u2014 for liquid services, removes solids<\/li>\n<li><strong>Membrane separator<\/strong> \u2014 for separating gas from liquid when phase change is undesirable<\/li>\n<li><strong>Knock-out pot<\/strong> \u2014 for high-volume liquid removal in two-phase samples<\/li>\n<li><strong>Final filter<\/strong> (0.1-0.5 micron) \u2014 protects the analyzer cell from any residual contamination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Filter selection rule:<\/strong> Change the filter when differential pressure across it exceeds the manufacturer&#8217;s recommendation (typically 15-25 psid). Mark this on the P&amp;ID and maintenance plan.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 7 \u2014 Material Selection and Compatibility<\/h2>\n<p>Material selection is driven by the process fluid, temperature, and pressure. Common pairings:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Service<\/th>\n<th>Wetted Materials (typical)<\/th>\n<th>Why<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Natural gas (dry, sweet)<\/td>\n<td>316L SS, PTFE seals<\/td>\n<td>Resists corrosion, compatible with hydrocarbons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Natural gas (sour, H\u2082S)<\/td>\n<td>316L SS (NACE MR0175), PTFE \/ FFKM seals<\/td>\n<td>Resists sulfide stress cracking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Liquid hydrocarbon (refined)<\/td>\n<td>316L SS, PTFE \/ Viton seals<\/td>\n<td>Standard analyzer service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Crude oil (sour)<\/td>\n<td>Duplex SS, FFKM seals<\/td>\n<td>Resists chloride and H\u2082S<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aqueous \/ amine service<\/td>\n<td>316L SS or Alloy 20, EPDM seals<\/td>\n<td>Resists amine and water corrosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Refrigerated gas (LPG, LNG vapor)<\/td>\n<td>316L SS, PTFE seals, cold-rated<\/td>\n<td>Maintains ductility at low temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Common failure mode:<\/strong> Choosing standard Viton seals for H\u2082S service. Viton swells and softens in H\u2082S above 100 ppm, causing leaks. Use FFKM (Kalrez, Chemraz) for sustained H\u2082S exposure.<\/p>\n<h2>Design Step 8 \u2014 Purging, Leak Testing, and Commissioning<\/h2>\n<p>Before bringing the system online, three things must happen:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pressure-test the sample loop<\/strong> with nitrogen or helium at 1.5x design pressure for 30 minutes. No pressure decay allowed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leak-test all fittings<\/strong> with soap-bubble solution or helium sniffer, especially in H\u2082S service.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Purge the system with dry nitrogen<\/strong> for 3-5 volume changes to remove oxygen and moisture. Oxygen analyzers require oxygen-free start-up to avoid sensor damage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Document all three steps in the commissioning package. <strong>Skipping the leak test is the most common cause of an analyzer shelter evacuation in the first month of operation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Common Design Mistakes to Avoid<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Oversized tubing<\/strong> \u2014 1\/4&#8243; or 3\/8&#8243; tubing kills analyzer response time. Use 1\/8&#8243; for analyzer tap, 1\/4&#8243; for fast-loop only.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Long runs without fast-loop<\/strong> \u2014 anything over 50 m needs a fast-loop circulation pump.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dead legs<\/strong> \u2014 analyzer side streams should tap off the fast-loop, not from a stagnant tee.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wrong filter orientation<\/strong> \u2014 flow direction arrows are there for a reason; reverse installation halts filtration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>No heat tracing on wet gas service<\/strong> \u2014 hydrates will form and plug the line within hours.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Single-stage pressure regulation<\/strong> \u2014 a single regulator failure can destroy an analyzer cell. Always use two stages with relief.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skipping the leak test<\/strong> \u2014 toxic gas leaks in analyzer shelters create shutdowns and OSHA \/ HSE reportable events.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Design Checklist<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2610 Measurement objective and target accuracy defined<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Single-phase condition verified at sample point<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Probe orientation correct (upstream-facing, 45\u00b0)<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Sample line diameter: 1\/8&#8243; for analyzer tap, 1\/4&#8243; for fast-loop<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Total transport lag calculated: target &lt; 60 s (control), &lt; 10 s (safety)<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Pressure regulation: two-stage with relief valve<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Heat tracing sized for ambient extremes and dew-point margin<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Filtration train: coalescer \u2192 particulate \u2192 final<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Material compatibility verified against full process composition including trace species<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Closed-loop return pressure sufficient or pump specified<\/li>\n<li>\u2610 Commissioning plan: pressure test + leak test + purge documented<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Build a Reliable System with the Right Partner<\/h2>\n<p>Designing a sampling system that survives 5+ years of continuous service without plugging, drift, or false readings requires engineering discipline that is hard to retrofit after construction. If you are starting a new analyzer project, <a href=\"\/es\/contact\/\">contact Wanan<\/a> early in the design phase. We can review your P&amp;ID, recommend component sizing, and supply a complete sample conditioning panel pre-piped, leak-tested, and documented \u2014 ready to install.<\/p>\n<h2>Related Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>See the principle in action: <a href=\"\/es\/noticias_centro\/what-is-closed-loop-sampling-system\/\">What Is a Closed-Loop Sampling System?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Understand the quick-connect hardware: <a href=\"\/es\/producto\/sampling-system\/\">Sampling System Components<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Compare flow control approaches: <a href=\"\/es\/noticias_centro\/how-pvrv-works\/\">How Does a PVRV Work?<\/a> (similar logic for pressure control)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1: What is the difference between a sampling system and a probe?<\/strong><br \/>\nThe probe is the single component that penetrates the pipe or vessel. The sampling system is the entire network: probe, transport tubing, filters, regulators, heat tracing, flow control, and return path. A probe is a small piece of the larger system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2: How do I size the fast-loop pump?<\/strong><br \/>\nThe fast-loop pump should deliver 1-2 L\/min of circulation flow (gas service) or 5-10 L\/min (liquid service). The analyzer side stream taps off 100-200 cc\/min. A bypass loop with rotameter or mass flow meter on the fast-loop, and a needle valve on the analyzer tap, gives you the control you need.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3: How long should the sample line be?<\/strong><br \/>\nAs short as practical. Under 30 m, you can usually rely on simple transport without a fast-loop. Over 50 m, a fast-loop is mandatory. Over 200 m, consider moving the analyzer closer to the sample point, or using a field-mounted analyzer with digital communication back to the control room.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4: Can I use plastic tubing for analyzer sample lines?<\/strong><br \/>\nGenerally no. Plastic tubing (PFA, PTFE) is permeable to many gases, and reacts with some hydrocarbons. Use 316L SS electro-polished tubing with compression fittings (Swagelok, Gyrolok) for most analyzer service. PFA is acceptable for low-pressure aqueous service and laboratory setups, but never for process analyzer shelters with flammable service.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5: What is the typical maintenance interval for a sampling system?<\/strong><br \/>\nFilter elements: 1-6 months depending on service. Regulator diaphragms: 2-5 years. Heat tracing: annual inspection. Sample line integrity: pressure-test every 2-3 years or after any process upset. A well-designed system should require less than 4 hours of routine maintenance per month.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q6: How do I handle start-up and shutdown?<\/strong><br \/>\nOn start-up, isolate the analyzer, bring the sample loop up to pressure slowly, leak-test, then purge with nitrogen for 3-5 volume changes before slowly introducing process sample. On shutdown, the order reverses: isolate the sample, purge with nitrogen, vent the analyzer, and leave the loop pressurized with nitrogen for the next start. Documenting these sequences in the operating procedure prevents most common start-up accidents.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[85,48,83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4764","news_center","type-news_center","status-publish","hentry","category-article-featured-products","category-news-center","category-article-wanan-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_center\/4764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_center"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news_center"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_center\/4764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4765,"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_center\/4764\/revisions\/4765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wanantec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}